Thursday, October 31, 2019

Interest groups and political parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interest groups and political parties - Essay Example This holds true in today's politics, some interest group would try to impose their political will on others indirectly by means of electioneering. Electing and Re-electing politicians, who support their cause into government office is one of the important part of the interest group's mission. Many groups help candidates financially and get their members out to vote for them. Recently, such practice is done by PACs (Public Action Committees), which help the interest groups channel their funds into the campaigns of choice of politicians. Interest groups also try to influence government policy by lobbying and filing court cases to influence Congressmen to agree or disagree with a particular bill. Interest groups may also try to lobby the president by suggesting information, submitting proposals, and by trying to influence the minds of the various department secretaries. Another concern by the founding fathers was that interest groups might not have great influence on the community because of their inability to spread the ideas to people and consequently gain more membership.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Types of Diabetes, Disease Statistics, and Treatment Mechanisms Research Paper - 1

Types of Diabetes, Disease Statistics, and Treatment Mechanisms - Research Paper Example Type-1 diabetes usually begins during childhood or adolescence.   Type-2 diabetes is the most common type and begins at a later age, usually after 40 years.   This condition is caused when the pancreatic glands do not produce enough insulin for blood sugar metabolism, thereby increasing the blood sugar levels in the body. The third type is gestational diabetes that develops in women during pregnancy.   This condition usually disappears after delivery but may continue in some women as Type-2 diabetes. The WHO fact sheet as of 2011 reports that more than 220 million people suffer from diabetes in the world.  Ã‚   Research and statistics indicate that the number of people developing diabetes will double in the next two decades.   A research conducted by Wild et al (2004) indicated India, China, and the USA as the three countries with highest numbers of diabetes patients in the world; this research also predicted these countries to still remain the highest in the same order by 2030 of people suffering from diabetes. The risk factors for Type-1 diabetes include hormonal imbalance, malnutrition, and viral infection of the pancreas. Risk factors for Type-2 diabetes include age, obesity, stress, lack of physical activity, and hypertension.   NIH reports indicate that specific geographical regions and races are highly prone to Type-1 diabetes.   In some cases, antipsychotic drugs such as Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, Ziprasidone etc induce Type-2 diabetes. Clinical symptoms associated with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, increased hunger, decreased vision; in severe cases, the symptoms may progress to diabetic coma due to ketoacidosis.   Besides these symptoms, diabetes causes severe complications to other organs and their functions.   Patients with prolonged diabetes suffer from decreased brain functioning in terms of memory, an information-processing speed of understanding, and decreased cognitive ability.   Secondly, insulin dysfunction causes hypertension, obesity, and abnormal levels of lipids in the blood; this condition is termed as metabolic syndrome.  

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Services and Facilities in a Hotel

Services and Facilities in a Hotel Introduction to Services and Facilities in the hotel Nowadays, people choose to stay in the hotel not only for the accommodations, some of the tourists would choose a particular hotel because of its unique services given or special facilities that other hotel might not have or might not provide as good services compared to other competitor hotel. Example of facilities in most hotels that are five stars and above are swimming pool, outdoor games pool, restaurants, lounges, bars, golf clubs, spa and Jacuzzi, parking garage, conference rooms , banquet rooms. TV lobbies, snooker tables, special manicure services, porter services, personal convention centre and etc. Services and Facilities in a Hotel I am going to elaborate and illustrate the services and facilities in a large hotel named Hotel De Paris, Monte Carlo. Hotel De Paris is a luxury hotel that is located in Monaco which is located in a sovereign city on the French Riviera in Western Europe, France. According to Hayes, D. and Ninemeier, J. (2007), 1st ed, Hotel operations management, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Accommodations Rooms Starting from the accommodations of this amazing luxury hotel, there are a total of 182 rooms in this hotel, this 182 rooms includes the superior room which is facing the courtyard view. These superior rooms are the perfect examples of the â€Å"Belle Époque Era†. â€Å"Belle Époque Era it’s in French language and it means â€Å"Beautiful Era† in English. It was a period of time in French and Belgian which world war one just ended in the beginning of the year 1914. The size of these superior rooms is from 371 to 571 sq. and it is located in the 2nd and 3rd floor of the hotel. The rack rates of this superior rooms cost around 579 Pounds which is 2880 MYR for 1 night stay. Next, is the Exclusive room which is facing city view, all the furniture and decorations is made from white leaded wood and mahogany. The toilets is specially made from pale marble from the 19th century to give guests a warm and welcoming feeling upon arrival. Rooms from this exclusive a re from 377 to 538 sq. and is located on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th floor of Hotel De Paris. Rates of rooms are 657 pounds and after converting is 3447 MYR for one night stay. Last but not least of the rooms and that is the Exclusive Room that is facing casino view, all the facilities and decorations are most likely same as the other exclusive room but the only difference is that this room is facing the casino view. ( Hà ´tel de Paris, (2014). Practical Details. [online] Available at: http://www.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com/practical-information/practical-information/ [Accessed 14 Oct. 2014].) Junior Suites Besides the normal exclusive and deluxe rooms, there are a few types of junior suites in Hotel De Paris. There is inner courtyard view which is fully furnished with red velvet carpets to give a feeling of total relaxation to the guests or conduct important meetings. The lounges in these junior suites are well equipped with perfect office tools with exquisite touch of elegance. The rates for this junior suites cost 846 Pounds which is 4422 MYR. Next up it’s the country view junior suite that is specially made for the night view lovers. (Hà ´tel de Paris, (2014). Junior Suite – Inner Courtyard View. [online] Available at: http://www.hoteldeparismontecarlo.com/luxury-rooms-suites/junior-suite/junior-suite-courtyard/ [Accessed 14 Oct. 2014].) Diamond Suites The most expensive room in this hotel is the diamond suites. The diamond suites resemble the sense of luxury in Hotel De Paris. The diamond suite which is named by Charles Garnier normally is used by people who are going to have a wedding or any special family reunions. The diamond suites are located at the 2nd floor of Hotel De Paris and it is around 1890 sq. It has two big bedrooms, with an enormous lounge with a well-established dining area. All the toilets in this suite is made by light grey and white mosaic marbles tiles. The rates of this diamond suite is simply stunning a night in this diamond suite cost around 7400 pounds with is around 38687K MYR. Restaurant and Bars In Monte Carlo, the most famous restaurant bar is named Le Louis XV- Alain Dà ©classà ©. Le Louis XV is especially dedicated to the taste of exquisite and fantasy. It is open around 25 years ago in the Monte Carlo. The unique setting of this restaurant is focusing mainly on elegant cuisine with excellent wine list and outstanding menus. According Alain Dà ©classà ©(2014),to the chef of Le Louis XV that the philosophy of this restaurant is to fill this restaurant with reinterpreting that what is essential, the food they serve can be simple and easy to understand to every guests but it has it’s subtle of balance on the tradition,culture,modernity of the restaurant. There are three main menus in Le Louis XV, The seasonal club lunch which cost about 145 pounds approximately 785MYR, evening menu â€Å"Les Jardins de Provence† which is 230 pounds approximately 1.2k MYR,Menu â€Å"Pour les Gourmets which does not include drinks cost around 310 Pounds approximately to 1.6k MYR. There are mainly three types of cuisine served in Le Louis XV and that is Gastronomic cuisine. Gastronomic is a study of food it can also mean someone who unites the theories and practices on the study of gastronomic. Le Louis XV also serves the French Riviera cuisine. French Riviera cuisine means a nice view of beach amazing cultural amenities or with fabulous sight-seeing views that is the definition of French Riviera. All the food and cuisine is inspired by the French and Italian Riviera’s with has been nominated in the Michelin Guide with three stars. Michelin Guide is one of the series guide books that is published in France by the publisher named Michelin for more than 100 years for now. (According to Services Management [Including Skill Development]. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Mumbai, IND: Himalaya Publishing House. Available at: http://library.olympia.edu.my:2051/lib/olympia/docDetail.action?docID=10415572p00=hotel+management [Accessed 14 Oct. 2014]) Le Louis XV is closed everyday but only open on Tuesday and Wednesday. If you want to enter this restaurant you would have to wear a jacket or a tie, it is strictly required for the guest; this is to ensure that the quality of guests is up to the restaurant’s standard. Grills Located at the 8th floor in the Hotel Le Paris, this grill is named by Le Grill. Le Grill is one of the best grills that offer a reinterpretation of the famous Mediterranean gourmet dishes .During the summer season, Le Grill has its grill side that will reveal the beautiful sky and it is one of the most beautiful views on the French Riviera. The type of cuisines that Le Grill offers is mainly focused on Mediterranean-style gourmet cuisine. The menu has a range of different types which the set lunch is around 75 pounds, and for the dinner or a-la-carte is around 130-150 pounds. Special functions and birthday parties can be held in the Le Grill’s Churchill lounge, cocktails and private parties can also can held there too. Outside of the Le Grill is the open-air terrace which has a good view of the sky or sunset when u visit it at the right hour. The lunch hour is normally from 12pm to 2pm and dinner starts from 8pm-11pm. Banquet Rooms Banquet room is purposely for the use of when you are going to hold a meeting or private birthday parties or even personal meetings. The banquet room in Hotel De Paris is named La Salle Empire and terrace, it is listed as a historical sites since the end of 19th century, it symbolize the history that is left during the 19th century back then. La Salle Empire is a magnificent place to hold banqueting services. Normally for banquet orders, there are two different types of menu one of them is in season and another one is summer menu. Live Band In a large hotel, there is normally live band performance maybe on the Saturday night or Sunday night according to the hotel secludes. The purpose of having live band is to entertain the guests when they have their free time or maybe they can be at the lobby to listen to the live band at night while drinking wine or chatting in the lounges. The live band in Hotel De Paris is named Le Bar American. Le Bar American is fully furnished by the low key ambiance of the beautiful wood. The chairs they used in the bar is all 100% leather armchairs, with all red light bulbs soft lighting, all the windows are facing to the sea view. This fabulous live band bar will play all Doctor’s Gab acoustic piano music to let the guests feel relax and homey. All the snacks will be served from 12 noon to 6.30 in the evening, following by a break; they will be back to business at 10pm at night to 1am in the midnight. Live jazz is the main theme in this beautiful bar. Private Beach In our country there might not be this facilities in any of the hotel in Malaysia, but in overseas, there are a few luxury hotel that offers private beaches in their hotel. Private beaches are an absolute delight for guests that like to enjoy the sunlight or like to swim. The setting in this awesome private beach is based on chic striped canvas beach cabins. All the cabins in this hotel are charged in the hotel accommodation and it ensure the entire guest to reach their max level of satisfactions and enjoyment. Guests can enjoy the sun while refined cuisine will be sent to your personal tent by the private beach. The organic pizzas and gourmet wood-oven pizzas is the must try food in the private beach side bar. On the beach, there are around 200 tents surrounding the beach, 120 beach cabins and almost 30 solariums available for rent, but the charges is not included in the accommodations fees.   Sports and Leisure Swimming Pool The swimming pool of Le Hotel Paris has a 25 by 13 meters swimming pool filled with 29 Celsius seawater taken from its depth which is around 37 meters and 400 meters out. Only customers that are staying in Hotel De Paris Monte Carlo and the Hotel Hermitage Monte-Carlo can access to the Thermes Marins Monte-Carlo only. Swimming pool is normally open from 7am to 9pm. Fitness Nowadays people are very health conscious; fitness gym is one of the essential needs of running a hotel. This 5 star gym fitness is facing to the sea, it consists of thread mill, dumbbells, bike machine and so on. There are dozens of coaches everyday there to help guests with what is their routine and what should they do to keep fit. The personal coaches will give advice on weight training, swimming, water aerobics, pool biking, lipo training and so on. They also supervise guests on their heart rates for preventing them to over exercise themselves. There are also special traditional Tai chi classes in Hotel De Paris and also Five Element Tai Chi for the guests who want to experience the Chinese traditional Tai Chi. Tennis and Squash Tennis is also a requirement for a large hotel establishment because most of the business peoples like to talk about business while playing outdoor activities. In the Hotel De Paris, there are around 21 clay courts that are overlooking the sea of the Monte Carlo Beach. In this hotel, there are tournaments against club tennis schools and completions junior versus seniors and all soft of activities. Golf Coast Gold coast is a place of relaxation for the guests where they can enjoy the many services and the facilities founded in regular Golf Courses. Golf Courses provide many great servicing such as Golf Cart services, where they can enjoy the relaxing ride while enjoying the scenery at the Golf Course. Golf court provides services of golfing with the assistance of personnel to aid with the golfing experience. Conclusion and Recommendations Despite the accommodations of the hotel, the facilities in the hotel are the point attraction to attract people to put up a night in the hotel. According to Larkin, E. (2009). How to run a great hotel. 1st ed. Oxford: How To Books. This type of facilities will attract more guests and tourist to stay in the large hotel. With good facilities and services it will gain reputation for the hotel and to keep the guests and tourist to stay with pleasure and will visit us again next time during vacations or business trips. As a conclusion, the Relationship between customer satisfaction and hotel attributes is being focused on the service or facilities, the better the facilities and services the better impact of the preference of someone in choosing a hotel because based on Atkinson (1988); Barsky and Labagh (1992); Choi and Chu (2001) studies, it has been found that the most important attributes a customer seeks are staff service quality and friendliness.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - Frame Narrative Essay -- Wuthering

Wuthering Heights:  Ã‚   Frame Narrative  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frame narrative is described as a story within a story. In each frame, a different individual is narrating the events of the story. There are two main frames in the novel Wuthering Heights. The first is an overlook provided by Mr. Lockwood, and the second is the most important. It is provided by Nelly Dean, who tells the story from a first-person perspective, and depicts the events that occur through her life at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nelly Dean is a native of the moors and has lived all her life with the characters whose story she tells. Although she is an uneducated woman, Emily Bronte manages to express Nelly as a capable storyteller in two explanations. The first is how Lockwood comments on her intelligence and expression, and believes she is one of the more intelligent minds of the moors: Excepting a few provincialisms of slight consequence, you have no marks of the manners which I am habituated to consider as peculiar to your class. I am sure that you have thought a good deal more than the generality of servants think. You have been compelled to cultivate your reflective faculties for want of occasion for frittering your life away in silly trifles. The second explanation of Nelly’s thought and expression is through the wisdom she has achieved through the harsh discipline she has endured over her life, and through the good libraries at the Heights and Grange that have given her knowledge and a wide vocabulary.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Miss. Dean never mentions anyone ... ...es: he minded little what tale was told since he had what he wanted.†   Ã‚      Her criticism of the other characters and her loyalty towards them not only make her a good narrator, but also an excellent servant and a confidant to the characters. Even though she is a servant, her intelligence and knowledge of self-worth create equality between her and the other characters, giving her the ability to speak her mind. Nelly’s narration comes from being closely and privately involved in the lives of the characters in the story. She not only acts as a witness to the events in their lives, but also as somewhat of a judge and critic to their actions. Nelly is our guide through the story, and without her voice, we would never be aware of the strange and amazing events that occurred in Wuthering Heights.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Behavioral Observation Project

Going to school is one of the most valuable social rituals people do. Staying for over 15 years at school, people earn an academic education that will shape their careers and lives. In school, people also meet friends and mentors who influence their personal beliefs. The early years in school are especially crucial for shaping foundations for virtues such as the proper behavior and self-discipline. Thus, grade school teachers are given the responsibility of instilling in their students the right qualities and attitudes.The learning site observed is a co-ed second grade class. The students are smart and energetic kids, with a few quiet ones thrown in. They come mostly from middle-class families and are of mixed ethnicities. They are still learning the core of education; spelling, writing, reading comprehension, basic geography, and fractions. Their teacher is male and a fresh university graduate; thus, he is younger than most of the faculty members. His youth presents itself in his in teraction and communication style.The teacher is approachable and authoritative at the same time. He is kind, friendlier, and less stiff than other teachers. He also has a more laidback demeanor that is evident in his non-verbal gestures, such as giving high-fives and thumbs up to his students as a way of affirming their answers. His students perceive him as likable and are also more relaxed with him. By their standards, he is seen as more of big brother type rather than a scary teacher. The respect he receives is different, but in no way less than what other teachers get.At times when the students get too noisy or when kids fight, the teacher lets out his more commanding side to discipline the students. The teacher aims to improve and influence his students’ behavior, such as building up their self-discipline to keep them from chatting with seatmates and increase the attention that they pay to the lessons. To fulfill these, he makes use of some reinforcing and motivating con sequences for the children’s actions. According to Skinner, using reinforcements is effective in helping shape or condition one’s reactions to stimuli.Thus, stimuli are called behavior influencers (Barker, Kreider, Peissig, Sokoloff & Stansfield, 2008) Positive reinforcement increases the desired stimulus while a negative reinforcement removes a negative stimulus. Both encourage one to continue whichever action will lead to one’s benefit and increased comfort (Feist & Feist, 2007). In the case of the second grade class, the most important stimulus is their grades. Having good grades leads to positive stimuli such as teacher’s praises, feelings of pride, and rewards from their parents.On the other hand, low grades bring about negative stimuli like dissatisfaction with oneself and disappointment from teachers and parents. The second-grade teacher uses public praises as positive reinforcements for kids who do well. By announcing how high one student’s grade is or by putting up the best artwork on the classroom corkboard, he highlights the student’s admirable behavior and quality of schoolwork, thus heartening the student to continue his or her hard work. The teacher uses mostly intangible reward to cheer his students on, as he hopes to motivate his students intrinsically rather than by bribes or physical rewards.Internal motivation will lead to a continued and better performance. He makes a special exception though for the case of a student with ADHD. He gives external rewards such as bowling games vouchers to this particular student to persuade him to continue his good performance and classroom behavior and continue his improvements. The teacher does not practice much punishment and extinction in the classroom. The harshest punishment he does is calling out a student’s name to get his or her attention back to the lessons. He was allowed to give them detention, especially when the kids get very naughty.His strength as an instructor and behavior model for the kids lay in the fact that he never had to give detentions because he is able to subdue a conflict before it even starts. He also understands the kids’ need to let go of pent-up energy and allows them to have some energy-releasing activities. The students receive punishment and extinction at home, mostly in the form of added chores for the former and revoked TV and video game privileges for the latter. The second graders are under the teacher’s excellent classroom management. The teacher’s policies are effectively and followed soundly.The teacher showed a perceptive understanding of when he should be friendly and when he should be authoritative with his students. Further, the behavior and discipline conditioning is enhanced by the good, trusting relationships between the teacher and his students. References Barker, B. , J Kreider, J Peissig, G Sokoloff, & M Stansfield. (2008). Glossary of terms for the experimental ana lysis of behavior. The University of Iowa. Retrieved February 9, 2009 from http://www. psychology. uiowa. edu/Faculty/Wasserman/Glossary/stimuli. html Feist, J. & Feist, G. J. (2007). Theories of Personality (6th ed). N

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Balance Scorecard

Balance Scorecard (BSC) is the focus of every company because of great belief that this is an approach for measuring performance with the combination of the so-called traditional measurement of financial aspect compared to the measurement of non-financial ones. BSC seeks the performance’s measurement of the business as a whole with the four (4) important perspectives listed as follows: a) Financial Perspective is one of the perspectives that the company needs to focus on because this is measuring the performance of financial part’s reflection.This has something to do with the return of investment or simply termed as ROI, the company’s cash flow including the number of debtors and economic value-added. b) Customer Perspective is the other measures to have the customers’ direct impact for the computation of the company’s market share or the percentage of market, the surveys made to customer that also includes the number of complaints. c) Internal Busi ness Processes Perspective is the measurement of reflection of the performance of business processes like the presentation of manufacturing efficiency cycle, the processing time information as well as the measures of productivity.d) Learning and Growth Perspective is the measures in order to describe the employees of the company in terms of the learning curve like the profile of staff education, the time of training and the survey made to the satisfaction of employees. The perspectives as stated above helped small and large companies to translate the strategy into action and even provide the metrical setting to track the progress of the of all companies. Balance Scorecard P 3 Analysis:As further analyzed, the measures are truly ‘customer centric’ because as proven the customer satisfaction was viewed due to increased in sales or the increase in income resulting from the acceptance of the product and the repeated customers’ generation. In addition, the product shi pment is related to the driving satisfaction of many customers that were met by the companies. The efforts of marketing are said to be measured by the data being tracked from the web portal which was then created for the partners’ distribution channel.The items that are tracked are the site usage, online ordering and the effects of direct mailing in the areas of marketing as well as advertisement on the leading generation and the activity in the portal level. The improved performance was truly due to the company’s viewing from the perspective of potential, prospective and present customers because Balance scorecard was exactly simplified to the four (4) key measures depicting the satisfaction among customers, hassle index of customers, the delivery that must be on-time and most importantly the lead times.Bridgeport Hospital is using the BSC for four (4) years and proven that the satisfaction of patients and customers increased. Many businesses considered to be small or large are continuously earning because the greater contributions are coming from customers whether old or new customers. A higher percentage is absolutely coming from the customers in order for many companies to grow and even learn to improve their products or services. BSC really contributes in achieving the success of most companies because at an early period, many companies may still improve the things that should be done in order to meet the needs of their customers.More issues from customers as well as their complaints may be resolved through the use of BSC. Balance Scorecard P 4 Conclusion: I think that the efforts of the companies to evaluate the business from the customers perspective was only one of the key contributions to improve performance, because this may give focus wherein the strategy described as competitive correspond to the success of most firms by means of targeting the attention of the segment specific to the market such as the niche in the market.This strateg y is very effective and done in order to survive wherein the companies may face the distress in financial areas. SGC and Futura are the companies using BSC, and they proved that the point of evaluating the business from the perspective of customer is a great help to the company as a whole and resulted to increase in sales and income. I should say that there should be equal reviews with regards to financial, internal business processes and the learning and growth perspectives aside from the customer perspectives that most companies should pay attention to.BSC is a tool in management providing the framework to translate the strategy into action and as mentioned this is a combination of the financial and non-financial measurement. This is seeking the measurement of performance of the business to financial, customer, internal business processes as well as learning and growth perspectives. In totality, this will provide a set of tracking metrics in order to track the progress of most com panies and against the objectives as well as the goals for meeting the initiatives strategically.The managers’ and employees’ motivation may also include their corresponding performance because these are the key enterprise’s challenges needed for more improvement of most companies. The said initiatives in strategic aspect may result to the departmental cascades and the objectives of individual corresponding to the strategy. Balance Scorecard P 5 References Ahn, H. (2001). `Applying the Balanced Scorecard Concept: An Experience Report,` Long Range Planning 34(4), 441-458. Atkinson, A. , and M. Epstein (2000). `Measure for Measure.` CMA Management 74 (September), 22-28. Denton, G. A. , and B. White (2000). `Implementing a Balanced-Scorecard Approach to Managing Hotel Operations,` Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly 41(1), 94. Field, T. (2000). `Full Measure,` CIO 13(14), 140-145. Fisher, M. J. (2002). `Balanced Storecard Step-By-Step,` The CPA Jour nal 72(7), 17-18. Frigo, M. L. , and K. K. Krumviede (2000). `The Balanced Scorecard,` Strategic Finance 81 (January), 54. Green, M. , J. Garrity, A. Gumbus, and B. Lyons (2002). `Pitney Bowes Calls For New Metrics:The Company Used a Balanced Scorecard to Manage Performance and Increase the Bottom Line,` Strategic finance 83(11), 30-36. Gumbus, A. , and B. Lyons (2002). `The Balanced Scorecard at Philips F. lectronics,` Strategic Balance Scorecard P 6 References Finance 84(5) (November), 45-49. Gumbus, A. , D. Bellhouse, and B. Lyons (2003). `A Three-Year Journey to Organizational and Financial Health Using the Balanced Scorecard: A Case Study at a Yale New Haven Health System Hospital,` Journal of Business and Economic Studies 9(2), 54-65.